利用模拟退火法反演大陆地震位置     

窦立婷  成诚  李云  胡代明 《地震地磁观测与研究》2017,39(1):31-35

为了精确得到大陆地震震源位置,利用模拟退火法对大陆地震参数进行反演,并对改变算法中相关参数后的反演结果进行分析,表明反演精度受降温速度和收敛阈值的影响较大,初始温度只影响迭代次数,模拟退火法在对模型参数进行全局搜索情况下能获得质量较好的最优解。  相似文献   

基于高分辨率影像的九寨沟7.0级地震道路震害评估     

陈子翰  窦爱霞  王晓青  吴玮莹  王书民 《中国地震》2017,33(4):590-601

2017年8月8日九寨沟7.0级地震引发贯通重灾区的S301省道、Z120县道多处损坏,给应急救援和灾后重建带来较大困难。利用高分辨率无人机和卫星影像可以对道路震害情况进行评估。本文首先对道路震害进行破坏类型和破坏等级的划分,针对不同分辨率影像所表现的道路破坏特征,建立各破坏等级、各损坏类型的解译标志,并完成灾区遥感图像覆盖范围内主要道路震害的研判与评估。经统计分析,研究区域共出现110处明显破坏,其中,68处为部分损坏,42处为完全损毁,道路整体破坏严重。  相似文献   

辽北开原地区房木花岗斑岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及地球化学特征     

豆世勇 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2020,50(6):1752-1765

研究区位于华北克拉通北缘东段、华北克拉通与兴蒙造山带的交接部位。本文通过对辽北开原地区房木花岗斑岩的岩石学、年代学和地球化学研究,探讨了其形成时代、岩石成因和构造环境,并进一步探讨了华北克拉通东部岩石圈减薄的起始时间。用LA-ICP-MS技术测定了花岗斑岩的锆石U-Pb同位素,获得其锆石²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U加权平均年龄为（117±1）Ma,表明花岗斑岩形成于早白垩世。花岗斑岩具有高硅、富碱、贫镁和钙的特征,富集大离子亲石元素（K、Rb）和高场强元素（Th、Ta、Nb）,亏损Sr、Ba、P、Ti元素,稀土配分曲线均呈现右倾海鸥型,具有明显的负Eu异常;显示研究区花岗斑岩为A型（A₁亚型）花岗岩,形成于古太平洋俯冲的后造山伸展环境,其岩浆源于地幔物质上涌而导致的地壳物质重熔。研究区在（156±1）Ma之前,属于挤压造山环境,表明研究区岩石圈减薄时间应处于156~117 Ma之间。  相似文献   

土地利用和水环境因子对大型底栖动物次级生产力的影响:以东北地区连环湖为例     

窦乾明  都雪  王乐  宋聃  赵晨  黄晓丽  王慧博  霍堂斌 《湖泊科学》2024,36(3):846-857

土地利用和水环境因子是影响湖泊生态系统的关键因素,探究大型底栖动物次级生产力受环境因子的作用机制,可揭示底栖动物栖息地的生态系统与外源环境的关系。为了解土地利用和水环境因子对大型底栖动物次级生产力的影响,2020年对连环湖13个主要湖泊的土地利用类型及6、8和10月的大型底栖动物、水环境因子进行调查,共采集到大型底栖动物75种,隶属于3门32科56属,其中优势种属及重要种属以摇蚊幼虫和腹足纲为主,前突摇蚊(Procladius sp.)为第一优势种。主成分分析表明,土地利用及水环境因子具备明显的时空梯度,而大型底栖动物次级生产力也存在明显的时空变化。春季、夏季、秋季次级生产力和P/B值分别为5.65、6.06、4.31 g/(m²·a)和2.74、2.55、2.40 a^-1,其中春季次级生产力集中于东北部湖区,龙虎泡集中于湖心区;夏季次级生产力逐渐向各湖区扩散,龙虎泡整体偏低;秋季次级生产力集中于西北部及东南部湖区,龙虎泡集中于东北部湖区。P/B值随季节的推移呈现由东部湖区向西部湖区逐渐递增的趋势,而龙虎泡始终集中于南部湖区。次级生产力和P/B值的结构分析表明,春季次级生产力主要由腹足纲构成,进入夏、秋季后以双壳纲对次级生产力的贡献最高。其中腹足纲、双壳纲、摇蚊幼虫和寡毛纲次级生产力主要集中于北部湖区、东南部湖区、中部湖区和龙虎泡,而甲壳纲仅出现于阿木塔泡。寡毛纲和双壳纲P/B 值随季节的推移逐渐降低,摇蚊幼虫和腹足纲P/B 值呈先升后降的趋势。通径分析表明,pH、人造地表和叶绿素a是影响年均大型底栖动物次级生产力的关键环境因子。典范对应分析表明,总磷和电导率是影响不同季节大型底栖动物次级生产力的重要环境变量。耕地、人造地表与总磷、电导率和悬浮物呈显著正相关,农业生产和城镇建设的增加是连环湖呈富营养化状态的重要原因,且此现象已对大型底栖动物次级生产力形成威胁。未来应通过控制农业面源污染、秸秆腐熟还田、鼓励粪便施肥、科学规划用地等措施改善连环湖流域的生态环境,以促进大型底栖动物资源合理的开发利用。  相似文献   

2014—2016年数值降水预报在天津的检验评估     

王万筠  殷海涛  赵敬红  窦策伟 《气象科技》2018,46(4):718-723

对2014—2016年中国国家气象中心T639数值预报、日本细网格数值预报、欧洲中心细网格(EC thin)数值预报以及天津市乡镇指导预报产品中在天津地区降水预报分别进行检验。结果表明:所有模式降水的晴雨预报准确率均随预报时效的延长而下降。降水预报准确率在秋冬春季的预报效果明显好于夏季。EC thin产品在冬季降水的预报中优势更为明显,而指导预报及T639对5月、6月及9月天津地区局地降水多发期的降水更有指示意义。针对2014—2016年天津地区的23个暴雨日按影响系统分型并统计检验结果,暴雨日降水预报晴雨成绩较好有参考价值,而降水分级检验偏差较大。相对于局地性暴雨过程,区域性的暴雨过程数值预报有更为可靠的参考性。  相似文献   

Effects of climate change and agronomic practice on changes in wheat phenology   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yujie Liu  Qiaomin Chen  Quansheng Ge  Junhu Dai  Yue Dou 《Climatic change》2018,150(3-4):273-287

Phenological changes in crops affect efficient agricultural production and can be used as important biological indicators of local and regional climate change. Although crop phenological changes and their responses to climate change, especially temperature, have been investigated, the impact of agronomic practice such as cultivar shifts and planted date changes on crop phenology remains unclear. Here, we used a long-term dataset (1981–2010) of wheat phenology and associated local weather data from 48 agro-meteorological stations in four temperature zones in China to analyze phenological changes of spring and winter wheat. Trend analysis method was used to estimate changes in the date of growth stages and the duration of growth phases, while sensitivity analysis method was used to qualify the response of growth phase duration to mean temperature (T_mean), total precipitation (PRE), and total sunshine duration (SSD). Using the Crop Environment Resource Synthesis-wheat model, we isolated the impacts of climate change, cultivar selection, and sowing date on phenological change of wheat. Results show that phenological changes were greatest in the warm-temperate zone. Sensitivity analysis indicates that growth phase duration was generally negatively related to T_mean and positively related to PRE and SSD. The positive sensitivity response to T_mean occurred in the tillering to jointing and sowing to maturity growth periods in the warmer temperature zones, suggesting that warmer temperatures during the overwintering period hampered effective vernalization in winter wheat. Modeling results further indicate that reductions in wheat growth duration caused by climate change could be offset by the introduction of new cultivars with high thermal requirements and accelerated with delayed sowing date.  相似文献   

大同第四纪火山群的活动特点     

Zhang Shimin Dou Suqin 《地壳构造与地壳应力文集》1997,(1)

一、引言大同第四纪火山群位于山西省大同县和阳高县境内(图1),包括近5年来在大峪口,秋林地区首次发现的6个小火山。该火山群大、小火山共计31个。大同火山群南以六棱山北麓断裂为界,分布于大同盆地东部的第四纪沉积区范围。火山群南侧的六棱山和北部的小北山是由前寒武花岗片麻岩组成的山地。  相似文献   

鱼类的耳石信息分析及生活史重建——理论、方法与应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

窦硕增 《海洋科学集刊》2007,(48):93-113

耳石(Otolith)是硬骨鱼类(Teleosts)在生长过程中沉积在内耳中的结石,主要矿物成分是CaCO3起声音接收和平衡定向作用。其内部轮纹(日轮Daily ring或年轮Annul ring)像在其他海洋动物特定钙化组织(如瓣鰓类外壳、珊瑚骨骼、多毛类颌骨、乌贼内壳、哺乳动物牙齿)中的轮纹一样随鱼类的发育而生长,并沉积着现场水环境中的主要化学元素。由于在形成过程中其轮纹形态结构与化学组成相当稳定,记录了鱼类个体生活过程中丰富的生物物理化学环境信息,所以,耳石信息分析可以揭示鱼类的生活史及其所经历的环境变化。在目前,耳石信息分析的应用涵盖了鱼类生态学研究的诸多方面,如鱼类的孵化和早期发育生长、产卵场和产卵期判定、仔鱼的运输过程(Larval transportation、年龄鉴定与种群鉴定(Age determination & population discrimination)、个体迁移(Migration)等。近年来,随着相关科学和技术的发展,它已经成为一种揭示鱼类生活史、生活史重建(Recastruction of life history)以及海洋环境域变(Regime shift)的关键技术,也是国际上渔业科学和海洋环境科学的研究热点。过去10年内三次国际鱼类耳石学术会议的成功举办(1993 Maryland-USA，Secor et al,1995a，1998- Bergen-Norway Fossum et al,2000；2004- Townsville Australia Begg et al,2005)大大推进了该研究领域的发展。其研究方向主要包括年龄鉴定与验证、显微结构分析(Microstructure)和微化学分析(Microchemistry)(Stevenson et al.,1992 ；Secor et al..1995a， Fossum et.al, 2000； Campana 1999， 2001； Elsdon et al, 2003a, b；Begg et al, 2005 )等。  相似文献   

Morphodynamic Characteristics and Medium-Term Simulation of the North—South Passage Under the Impact of the Yangtze Estuary Deepwater Navigation Channel Project   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jiao  Jian  Dou  Xi-ping  Gao  Xiang-yu  Ding  Lei  Yang  Xiao-yu 《中国海洋工程》2020,34(2):198-209

The morphological evolution characteristics of the North-South Passage area since the construction of the Yangtze Estuary Deepwater Navigation Channel Project(DNCP) are analyzed on the basis of the measured data. A twodimensional morphodynamics numerical model of the Yangtze Estuary is established to verify the morphological evolution of the North-South Passage under the influence of the DNCP and to predict the future evolution in the next 40 years. Data analysis shows that the North Passage has experienced rapid adjustment stages and adaptive stages after the construction of the DNCP. Slow erosion occurred along the main channel, and slow siltation could be observed in the area between the groins. The South Passage showed a state of upper section erosion and down section deposition. At present, the whole South Passage is in a slight erosion state. According to the numerical model, the eroding and silting speed of the North Passage will slow down in the future. The present state that erosion occurs in the main channel and siltation occurs between the groins will continue. The South Passage will still maintain upper section erosion and down section deposition in the future. Due to the main channel erosion of the North Passage and siltation of the South Passage, the sediment division ratio of the North Passage will increase in the future but still be smaller than 50%. After morphological evolution of 40 years, the direction of residual sediment transport caused by M2 and M4 tidal components in the North Passage has not changed, but the transport rate will decrease. It is considered that the morphological evolution of the North-South Passage could reach a relatively stable state after 40 years.  相似文献   

Fault linkage patterns and their control on the formation of the petroleum systems of the Erlian Basin, Eastern China     

Lirong Dou  Liang Chang 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2003,20(10):1213-1224

Fault linkage patterns in rift basins are very common. While the process of fault linkage may be very short, it changes sedimentation patterns before and after linkage and controls the development of half-grabens. The propagation and growth of boundary faults can be divided into a simple fault propagation pattern and a fault growth-linkage pattern. Based on structural style, sedimentation patterns and oil-source correlations in the Erlian Basin, three types of grabens and petroleum systems can be identified. The Abei graben is controlled by a single boundary fault and forms an independent petroleum system. The Saihantala graben is controlled by several linked faults, which also has an independent petroleum system. The Wuliyasitai Depression controlled by two boundary fault segments which results in two petroleum systems. As not all half-grabens develop one petroleum system; they may, therefore, have two or more systems. The relay ramps between fault segments before linkage are the locations of deposition of sands and conglomerates, and consequently, are the focus areas for stratigraphic–lithologic trap exploration.  相似文献